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SDカード

ピンアサイン

使用するプロトコルによって、ピンの名称および用途が異なります。なお「MMCモード」はMMC (マルチメディアカード) で、「SDモード」はSDカードでのみ使用できます。

	SPIモード※1		MMCモード		SDモード
ピン番号	名称	説明	名称	説明	名称	説明
1	CS	チップセレクト	RSV	予約ピン	CD/DAT3	Data3 / Card Detect
2	DI	データ入力	CMD	レスポンス	CMD	コマンド
3	VSS	GND	VSS1	GND	VSS	GND
4	VDD	VCC	VDD1	VCC	VDD	VCC
5	SCLK	クロック	CLK	クロック	CLK	クロック
6	VSS2	GND	VSS2	GND	VSS	GND
7	DO	データ出力	DAT	データ入出力	DAT0	Data0
8					DAT1	Data1
9					DAT2	Data2

※1 MMC、SDカード共通

ファイルシステム

≫ファイルシステム

Memory Disk Drive (MDD) file system

MDD file systemは、Microchip Libraries for Applicationsに含まれます。

• MDDFS Interface Library Help (/Microchip Solutions/Microchip/Help/MDDFS Library Help.pdf)
• Memory Disk Drive File System for PIC18 PIC24 dsPIC PIC32

プロトコル

SDカードとの通信には、SPIモードとSD Busモードの2つのプロトコルがあります。

機能	SPIモード	SD Busモード
Negotiating Operating Conditions	The operating condition negotiation function of the SD Card bus is supported differently in SPI mode by using the READ_OCR (CMD58) command. The host works within the valid voltage range (2.7 to 3.6 v) of the card or put the card in inactive state by sending a GO_INACTIVE command to the card.	The SD Card supports the operation condition verification sequence defined in the SD Card standard specifications. Should the SD Card host define an operating voltage range, which is not supported by the SD Card it will put itself in an inactive state and ignore any bus communication. The only way to get the card out of the inactive state is by powering it down and up again. In Addition the host can explicitly send the card to the inactive state by using the GO_INACTIVE_STATE command.
Card Acquisition and Identification	The host must know the number of cards currently connected on the bus. Specific card selection is done via the CS signal (CD/DAT3). The internal pull-up resistor on the CD/DAT3 line may be used for card detection (insertion/removal). Additional practical card detection methods can be found in SD Physical Specification’s Application Notes given by the SDA.
Card Status	In SPI mode, only 16 bits containing errors relevant to SPI mode can be read out of the 32-bit Status Register. The SD_STATUS can be read using ACMD13, the same as in SD mode.
Memory Array Partitioning	Memory partitioning in SPI mode is equivalent to SD mode. All read and write commands are byte addressable.
Read/Write Operations	In SPI mode, single and multiple block data transfers are supported.

コマンド

SPI Bus Command

CMD Index	SPI Mode	Argument	Resp	Abbreviation	Description
				SION	stop transmissionduring a multiple block read operation.
CMD13	Yes	None	R2	SEND_STATUS	Asks the selectedcard to send its StatusRegister.
CMD14	Reserved.
CMD15	No	---	---	---	---
CMD16	Yes	[31:0] block length	R1	SET_BLOCKLEN	Selects a block length (in bytes) for all following block commands (read & write).1
CMD17	Yes	[31:0] data address	R1	READ_SINGLE_ BLOCK	Reads a block of the size selected by the SET_BLOCKLEN command.2
CMD18	Yes	[31:0] data address	R1	READ_MULTIPLE_ BLOCK	Continuously transfers data blocks from card to host until interrupted by a STOP_TRANSMISSI ON command.
CMD19	Reserved.
CMD20	No	---	---	---	---
CMD21 … CMD23	Reserved.
CMD24	Yes	[31:0] data address	R1	WRITE_BLOCK	Writes a block of the size selected by the SET_BLOCKLEN command.3
CMD25	Yes	[31:0] data address	R1	WRITE_MULTIPLE_BLOCK	Continuously writes blocks of data until a stop transmission token is sent (instead of ‘start block’).
CMD26	No	---	---	---	---
CMD27	Yes	None	R1	PROGRAM_CSD	Programming of the programmable bits of the CSD.
CMD28	Yes	[31:0] data address	R1b	SET_WRITE_ PROT	If the card has write protection features, this command setsthe write protection bit of the addressedgroup. The properties of write protection are coded in the cardspecific data
					(WP_GRP_SIZE).
CMD29	Yes	[31:0] data address	R1b	CLR_WRITE_ PROT	If the card has write protection features, this command clears the write protection bit of the addressed group.
CMD30	Yes	[31:0] write protect data address	R1	SEND_WRITE_ PROT	If the card has write protection features, this command asks the card to send the status of the write protection bits.
CMD31	Reserved
CMD32	Yes	[31:0] data address	R1	ERASE_WR_BLK_ START_ADDR	Sets the address of the first write block to be erased.
CMD33	Yes	[31:0] data address	R1	ERASE_WR_BLK_ END_ADDR	Sets the address of the last write block in a continuous range to be erased.
CMD34 … CMD37	Reserved for each command system set by switch function command (CMD6). Detailed definition can be referenced in each command system specification.
CMD38	Yes	[31:0] stuff bits	R1b	ERASE	Erases all previously selected write blocks.
CMD39	No	---	---	---	---
CMD40	No	---	---	---	---
CMD41	Reserved
CMD42	Yes	[31:0] stuff bits	R1	LOCK_UNLOCK	Used to set/re-set the password or lock/unlock the card. A transferred data block includes all thecommand details. The size of the data block is defined with SET_BLOCK_LEN command.
CMD43 … CMD49 CMD51	Reserved.
CMD50	Reserved for each command system set by switch function command (CMD6). Detailed definition can be referenced in each command system specification.
CMD52 … CMD54	Reserved for I/O mode (refer to SDIO Card Specification).
CMD55	Yes	[31:0] stuff bits	R1	APP_CMD	Notifies the card that the next command is an application-specific command rather than a standard command.
CMD56	Yes	[31:0] stuff bits, [0]: RD/WR4	R1	GEN_CMD	Used either to transfer a Data Block to the card or to get a Data Block from the cardfor general purpose/applicationspecific commands. The size of the DataBlock is defined with SET_BLOCK_LEN command.
CMD57	Reserved for each command system set by switch function command (CMD6). Detailed definition can be referenced in each command system specification.
CMD58	Yes	None	R3	READ_OCR	Reads the OCR Register of a card.
CMD59	Yes	[31:1] stuff bits, [0:0] CRC option	R1	CRC_ON_OFF	Turns the CRC option on or off. A ‘1’ in the CRC option bit will turn the option on, a‘0’ will turn it off.
CMD60 … CMD63	Reserved for manufacturer.

Table 5-2 SPI Bus Command Description - SanDisk SD Card Product Manual Version 2.2

MMC サポート コマンド (MMC/SPI)

CMD INDEX	略語	内容	MMC モード			SPI モード
			Type	Argument	Resp.	Argument	Resp.
CMD0	GO_IDLE_STATE	MMC リセット	bc	[31:0] Stuff bits	-	None	R1
CMD1	SEND_OP_COND	MMC R/B ポーリング動作電圧の設定 (MMC モードのみ)	bcr	[31:0]OCR without busy	R2	None	R1
CMD2	ALL_SEND_CID	CID 送信要求	bcr	[31:0] Stuff bits	R3
CMD3	SET_RELATIVE_ADDR	RCAの設定	ac	[31:16] RCA [15:0] Stuff bits	R1
CMD4	SET_DSR	DSRの設定	bc	[31:16] DSR [15:0] Stuff bits	-
CMD7	SELECT/ DESELECT_CARD	アクセスするMMCの選択	ac	[31:16] RCA [15:0] Stuff bits	R1b (onlyfrom theselected card)
CMD9	SEND_CSD	CSD 送信要求	ac	[31:16] RCA [15:0] Stuff bits	R2	None	R1
CMD10	SEND_CID	CID 送信要求	ac	[31:16] RCA [15:0] Stuff bits	R2	None	R1
CMD11	READ_DAT_UNTIL_STOP	ストリームリード	adtc	[31:0]data address	R1
CMD12	STOP_TRANSMISSION	リード、ライトストップコマンド	ac	[31:0] Stuff bits	R1b	None	R1
CMD13	SEND_STATUS	カードステータス要求	ac	[31:16] RCA [15:0] Stuff bits	R1	None	R2
CMD16	SET_BLOCKLEN	リードライトブロック長変更	ac	[31:0]block length	R1	[31:0] block length	R1
CMD17	READ_SINGLE_BLOCK	シングルブロックリード	adtc	[31:0]data address	R1	[31:0] data address	R1
CMD18	READ_MULTIPLE_BLOCK	マルチブロックリード	adtc	[31:0]data address	R1	[31:0] data address	R1
CMD20	WRITE_DAT_UNTIL_STOP	ストリームライト	adtc	[31:0]data address	R1
CMD23	SET_BLOCK_COUNT	転送ブロック数の指定	ac	[31:16] Set to 0 [15:0] number of blocks	R1	[31:16] Set to 0 [15:0] number of blocks	R1
CMD24	WRITE_BLOCK	シングルブロックライト	adtc	[31:0]data address	R1	[31:0] data address	R1
CMD25	WRITE_MULTIPLE_BLOCK	マルチブロックライト	adtc	[31:0]data address	R1	[31:0] data address	R1
CMD26	PROGRAM_CID	CIDのプログラム	adtc	[31:0] Stuff Bits	R1
CMD27	PROGRAM_CSD	CSDのプログラム	adtc	[31:0] Stuff Bits	R1	None	R1
CMD28	SET_WRITE_PROT	プロテクトの設定	ac	[31:0]data address	R1b	[31:0] data address	R1b
CMD29	CLR_WRITE_PROT	プロテクトの解除	ac	[31:0]data address	R1b	[31:0] data address	R1b
CMD30	SEND_WRITE_PROT	プロテクトビットステータスの送信	adtc	[31:0]write protect data address	R1	[31:0]write protect data address	R1
CMD32	TAG_SECTOR_START	イレースしたいエリアの最初のセクタを設定	ac	[31:0]data address	R1	[31:0] data address	R1
CMD33	TAG_SECTOR_END	イレースしたいエリアの最後のセクタを設定	ac	[31:0]data address	R1	[31:0] data address	R1
CMD34	UNTAG_SECTOR_	イレースエリアの中でイレースしないセクタを設定	ac	[31:0]data address	R1	[31:0] data address	R1
CMD35	TAG_ERASE_GROUP_START	イレースしたいエリアの最初のグループを設定	ac	[31:0]data address	R1	[31:0] data address	R1
CMD36	TAG_ERASE_GROUP_END	イレースしたいエリアの最後のグループを設定	ac	[31:0]data address	R1	[31:0] data address	R1
CMD37	UNTAG_ERASE_GROUP	イレースエリアの中でイレースしないグループを設定	ac	[31:0]data address	R1	[31:0] data address	R1
CMD38	ERASE	選択済のエリアを消去	ac	[31:0] stuff bits	R1b	[31:0]stuff bits	R1b
CMD42	LOCK_UNLOCK	パスワードの設定	adtc	[31:0] stuff bits	R1b	[31:0]stuff bits	R1b
CMD58	READ_OCR	OCR (動作電圧) 情報のリード				None	R3
CMD59	CRC_ON_OFF	CRC 仕様のON/OFF				[31:1] stuff bits [0:0] CRC option	R1

表2.6 マルチメディアカードサポートコマンド一覧 - マルチメディアカード ユーザーズマニュアル

SDカード レジスタ

• CID (Card identification number)
• RCA (Relative card address)
• CSD (Card specific data)
• SCR (SD Configuration Register)
• OCR (Operation Condition Register)

CSD (Card Specific Data)

いくつかのカードから読み出したところ、以下のような情報を得られました。

Panasonic 64MB

1 : 00 5D 01 32 13 59
2 : 83 C9 F6 D9 CF FF 16 40 00 E7
3 : B8 7D (CRC)

Canon 16MB

1 : 00 5D 01 32 13 59
2 : 80 E3 76 D9 CF FF 16 40 00 4F
3 : 88 B5 (CRC)

共通項目 (1行目)

TAAC : 500usec (5Dh)
NSAC : 1 (01h)
TRANS_SPEED (Max Transfer) 25Mb/s (32h)
CCC 0001 0011 0101 (1359hの上位12bit)
READ_BL_LEN (Max read data block length) 512bytes

実装

SDカードのコネクタはカードリーダなどを分解しても入手できますが、コネクタの変換基板を利用するのが簡単です。たとえばそれには、メモリーカード変換基板 CK-35 - サンハヤト株式会社などがあります。

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